Tracing the history of Covington, Kentucky from its beginning in 1815 to the 21st century, the text and photographs depict a medium size city developing a solid manufacturing base and ample retail only to slide into economic decline with a falling population following World War II. Attention has been given to the city's annexations (and lack of), all of which bore significantly on Covington's fortunes. A second theme discusses an activist city government adopting policies leading to major new construction projects, both commercial and residential, as well as to the restoration of many historic homes and buildings, all of which have given the city a new vitality. The stages of growth, decline, and turnaround are discussed within the city's historic areas of the riverfront, public square, and Madison and Pike Streets.