Cox Regression: 2013 Edition (Statistical Associates Blue Book Series 16)
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Cox Regression: 2013 Edition (Statistical Associates Blue Book Series 16)
An illustrated graduate-level introduction and tutorial on Cox regression, also known as the proportional hazards model, using SPSS, SAS, or Stata. Cox regression is used to predict the odds of experiencing an event (ex., people incurring infection, corporations adopting an innovation, state legislatures passing a reform). It allows researchers to assess the effect of predictor variables on time to the event of interest.
New in the 2013 edition: * At 152 pp., over 50% more coverage. * Expanded discussion and illustration of stepwise Cox regression, including new sections on stepwise methods in Stata and SAS. * New discussion and illustration. including new sections on SPSS, Stata, and SAS, of: * Stratified Cox regression, * Discrete time-dependent Cox regression * Continuous time-dependent Cox regression * Frailty models * Multiple events models * Many new illustrations * Reorganized for clarity, with numerous changes.
Unformatted partial table of contents: Overview9 Application examples10 In medicine10 In social science11 In business11 Data used in this volume11 Key terms and concepts12 Variables12 Status variable13 Time variable13 Covariates14 Interaction terms16 Observations16 Uncensored observations16 Right-censored observations17 Right-truncated observations17 Left-censored observations18 Left-truncated observations18 Non-informative censoring19 "Random censoring"19 Interval-censored observations19 Survival function20 Survival function in SPSS21 Survival function in Stata22 Hazard function22 Hazards22 Hazard rates23 Hazard functions23 Baseline vs. covariate hazard functions23 Hazard ratios24 Baseline hazard ratio24 Hazard ratio with covariates27 Proportional hazards32 Partial likelihood methods and why Cox models are semi-parametric33 Handling tied failure times33 Cox models34 Time-constant Cox regression models34 Time-dependent Cox regression models34 Frailty models35 Conditional frailty models35 Repeated events models37 Competing risks models37 Parametric models38 Time-constant Cox regression in SPSS38 Example38 SPSS Options39 SPSS Plots40 SPSS Statistical Output40 The hazard ratio40 Confidence intervals on the odds ratio41 Significance41 Relative risk42 Likelihood ratio (omnibus) tests42 Cox regression coefficients43 Baseline hazard, survival, and cumulative hazard rates47 Covariate means51 Pattern plots52 Saved variables in SPSS53 Outlier analysis with DfBeta53 Time-constant Cox regression in Stata55 Stata setup55 Stata command syntax56 Stata statistical output57 Likelihood ratio test in Stata57 Cox regression coefficients in Stata57 Test of equality of survivor functions in Stata59 Types of variance estimates59 Time-constant Cox regression in SAS60 SAS Interface60 SAS syntax61 Data setup for SAS62 Cox regression with tests in SAS63 SAS syntax63 SAS model output64 SAS test output65 Cox regression in SAS with dummy variables67 SAS syntax67 SAS model output67 SAS test output68 Testing for proportional hazards69 SAS syntax69 SAS model output70 SAS test output70 SAS PROC GPLOT: Survival Plot70 Stepwise Cox Regression72 Why forced entry results may seem different from stepwise results72 Stepwise Cox regression In SPSS72 Overview72 Entry criterion74 Removal criteria74 Omnibus tests74 Stepwise Cox regression In Stata75 Overview75 Stata stepwise options76 Stepwise Cox regression In SAS77 Overview77 Output78 Stratified Cox Regression79 Overview79 Example79 Testing to see if a stratified model is required80 Stratified Cox regression in SPSS81 Overview81 SPSS output for stratified Cox regression82 Stratified Cox regression in Stata85 Stata syntax for stratified Cox regression85 Stata output86 Stratified Cox regression in SAS88 SAS syntax for stratified Cox regression88 SAS output88 Ti