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Germany in the Later Middle Ages, 1200-1500
"My intention in this work is not to treat the history of Germany so much in its imperial as in its national aspect, and that intention will be carried out as rigorously as possible by the exclusion of all imperial questions which do not touch German life and nationality, such as all minute investigations into the imperial policy in Italy, and the antagonism outside of Germany between the imperial and papal ideas. This plan I have attempted hitherto to pursue, even at periods at which the personal history of the popes and emperors was most closely interwoven; and it ought not to be less easy to do so in periods like that to which we are coming, in which the Italian campaigns of the emperors became few and far between, and their influence upon the papacy was being quickly reduced to a shadow of what it had been..." - William Stubbs
Contents: I. Germany in the twelfth century - The chief points in its history between 1200 and 1600 - The Empire and the Papacy - The death of Frederick Barbarossa, an epoch in German history. II. Frederick II. - His supremacy in Italy - its fatal effects - The nine years of peace - The great Diet at Mainz - Election of Innocent IV., 1243 - Its importance - Deposition of Frederick, 1245 - His death, 1250 - Conradin's fate. III. Events in Germany and Italy after Frederick's death - William, Count of Holland - Conrad's death, 1254 - Death of William of Holland, 1256 - Election of Richard of Cornwall and of Alfonso X. of Castile as rival emperors, 1257 - Richard's fortunes in Germany - Battle of Benevento, 1265 - Battle of Tagliacozzo, 1268 - Death of Conradin - Death of Richard of Cornwall, 1272. IV. The year 1272 - Political situation in Germany - The rise of new families in Germany - The Princes - The Diet - Imperial elections - The electors - Rudolf of Hapsburg - His election as emperor - His reign - His relations with Burgundy and England. V. Rudolf's immediate successors - Adolf - His relations with England - Loss of Burgundy - Albert of Hapsburg - His relations with Bohemia, Hungary, and Switzerland - His character - Accession of Henry VII. - Attitude towards the Papacy - The Templars - His expedition to Italy - His death, 1313. VI. Disputed succession in the Empire - Frederick of Austria - Lewis of Bavaria - John XXII.'s intervention - Success of Lewis - Expedition to Italy - Death of John XXII, 1334 - Germany and the Hundred Years' War - Crecy - Condition of Germany - The growing independence of Switzerland - Death of Lewis, 1347. VII. Charles IV. - Günther of Schwartzburg - The Golden Bull - Its provisions - Its significance - The Tyrol - His rule in Germany - Crowned King of Arles, 1365 - Relations with England and France - His character. VIII. Political condition of Europe at the close of the fourteenth century - Richard II. - Wenzel - Charles VI. - The great schism - City leagues in Germany - Switzerland - Deposition of Wenzel - Comparison with deposition of Richard II. - Accession of Rupert of the Palatinate - His Italian expedition - The Wetterau league - Death of Rupert, 1410. IX. The disputed succession - Election of Sigismund - His previous history - The great schism - The Council of Constance - John Huss - Sigismund in France and England - Election of Martin V. - The Bohemian War - The Council of Basel - Sigismund's death, 1437 - The situation in Germany - Accession of Albert of Austria - His acts - His death, 1439. X. The reign of Frederick III. - An epoch in the history of Germany and of the Hapsburgs - The discovery of printing - Frederick's character - Close of the Council of Basel - Wars in Germany, 1440-1452 - Bohemia and Hungary - Matthias Corvinus - The Turkish invasions - Death of Filippo Maria Visconti, 1447 - John Hunyadi - Death of Albert of Austria, 1463 - Results of Frederick's reign - His son Maximilian. Xl. Accession of Maximilian I. - The Burgundian inheritance - Maximilian's position in Europe - His marriages - The Diet of Worms, 1495 - Its importance...