"The German Empire of 1740 was established on Christmas Day 800 when the Pope placed the imperial crown on the head of Charlemagne in Rome. From that time until far down the Middle Ages the Empire stood forth as the great power in western Europe. Conjointly with the Papacy it was the acknowledged head of Christendom... A political unit in name, the Empire was never one in spirit... In 1740 Germany included Austria as well and thus embraced a territory which nearly doubled the area occupied by the German Empire... In round terms, Germany included four hundred and fifty thousand square miles of land, or equaled that portion of the United States which lies east of the Mississippi River and north of Tennessee and North Carolina. The Holy Roman Empire consisted in 1740 of three hundred and eighteen states..." - George Madison Priest