Today the world is an economic unit. Economic disasters and great revolutions which occur in one part of the world are quickly felt everywhere else... In 1815 the world was still divided into three parts. One of these was virtually isolated from the other two; and these two traded with one another regularly only in certain products. The part which was virtually isolated and which, because of its isolation, was not at all progressive, was the vast region of Eastern Asia. Here Japan was completely inaccessible to foreigners, and China had opened the door only a crack... The second division of the world from an economic point of view consisted of Europe and those parts of America settled by Europeans. The third area comprised the numerous remaining regions which had come within the sphere of European colonial influence. In these latter regions Europeans had secured for themselves privileges for exploiting "colonial wares" which could not be produced in Europe at all, or at least only under unfavorable conditions, because of the climate...