Louis Armstrong made music for people. It was important to him to communicate in all directions, both with his colleagues on stage and with the audience. In the 1950s he became one of the most famous jazz musicians, but also known beyond the sphere of jazz, even though many listeners had already turned towards pop and rock & roll. The 1950s were for Armstrong all in all an ambivalent decade. The audience loved him, but if their skin colour was black they were not allowed to attend some of his concerts in his homeland. At any rate, Armstrong was frequently on the road: in 1956 on his acclaimed tour of Africa, a year later in South America, and repeatedly in Europe, performing concerts with his All Stars in Stockholm, Umea, Copenhagen, Amsterdam and also in Stuttgart, in 1959. With him in the Liederhalle was his proven team of Trummy Young, Peanuts Hucko, Billy Kyle, Mort Herbert, Danny Barcelona and the blues singer Velma Middleton with a programme ranging from his theme song When It's Sleep Time Down South to earworms like Mack The Knife. The concert in the Liederhalle is one of the unclouded high points before the strenuous life of the jazz superstar began to take its toll on his work.