This work concerns the history of the Japanese philosophy of art, from its inception in the 1870s to the present. In addition to the historical information and discussion of aesthetic issues that appear in the introductions to each of the chapters, the book presents English translations of otherwise inaccessible major works on Japanese aesthetics, beginning with a complete and annotated translation of the first work in the field, Nishi Amane's Bimygaku Setsu (The Theory of Aesthetics). Modern Japanese Aesthetics discusses the momentous efforts made by Japanese thinkers to master, assimilate, and transform Western philosophical systems to discuss their own literary and artistic heritage. Readers are introduced to debates between the unconditional supporters of Western ideas and more cautious approaches to the literary and artistic past. The institutionalization of aesthetics as an academic subject is discussed and the work of some of Japan's most distinguished professional aestheticians and literary critics is included.