Dr. Keirsey examines in detail the ingrained attitudes and habitual actions of the four basic personality types: the Artisans, Guardians, Rationals, and Idealists. Keirsey summarizes the four temperaments, showing how behaviour of each is either concrete or abstract, cooperative or pragmatic, directive or informative, and finally assertive or responsive. The book includes two brief self-scoring personality tests to assist in observing the differences and similarities among us.