The Forgotten Exodus: The Into Africa Theory of Human Evolution
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The Forgotten Exodus: The Into Africa Theory of Human Evolution
Where did modern humans originate? Did we emerge first in Africa or have academics made a huge error?
The Out of Africa Theory of human evolution currently dominates palaeoanthropology and evolutionary biology, promoted with such firm conviction that there is a sense this model must be fact rather than theory. During several years of detailed research, independent archaeological researcher, Bruce R. Fenton, has compiled a wealth of contrary evidence sufficient to form a compelling case for his new evolutionary hypothesis. It is his finding that Homo sapiens evolved first in Australasia, and hundreds of thousands of years before the traditional dating offered by most academics.
Fenton’s book represents a paradigm displacement, providing a new scientific model appropriately named Into Africa Theory.
The Forgotten Exodus: The Into Africa Theory of Human Evolution reads rather like a detective story, it is a careful search for clues at ‘crime scenes’ across the planet involving a wide range of hominin ‘suspects’. A series of logical deductions, each supported by peer reviewed data, leads us to his earth shaking final conclusions. Fenton begins his analysis of archaeological evidence five million years ago in Africa, but stones tools used at Lake Turkana 3.3 million years ago only briefly precede a journey into Eurasia, taking us high into the mountains of the Georgian republic. In the Caucasus, we meet a collection of 1.8-million-year-old Homo erectus skulls, a find that is currently ‘changing the face’ of evolutionary understanding. To the west, in Europe, we are presented with the findings of two key scientific studies, an analysis of ancient DNA from a Spanish cave site, and a large-scale comparative study of hominin fossils – the combined results leave us without any African or European candidates for immediate predecessor of Homo sapiens.
The early ancestors of Neanderthals take us eastwards into their Asian homelands, on-route learning of yet another human relative known as Denisovans. In China that we encounter the world’s oldest Homo sapiens fossils, dated to 180,000 years ago. We discover that one million years ago somebody sailed to Flores, once the island home of mysterious hobbit people. The investigation then takes its largest leap, onto the Australian landmass. Fenton offers a well-supported argument for the ancestors of Homo sapiens, Denisovans and Neanderthals being Australasian – present there 800,000 years ago. In Australasia we finally meet the first modern humans and learn of the migrations they made, first into Africa and then across the planet.
•Earliest ancestor may have been more human-like than ape-like •Homo genus emerged one million years previously than suspected •The Dmanisi skulls invalidate as many as a dozen named human species •Genetic data adds 300,000 years to the antiquity of Homo sapiens species •Homo sapiens fossils place modern humans in China 180,000 years ago •Australopithecus sailed to Flores over 1 million years ago (Homo floresiensis) •Aboriginals and Denisovans interbred 44,000 years ago •Mapping Australasian migrations by mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal lineages •Lake Toba super volcanic eruption (74Kya) as causal for human migration into Africa •Lake Toba causes extinction of archaic hominins and prompts significant interbreeding